NEW YORK – Officials say 13 people, including 10 firefighters, have been injured in a seven-alarm fire on Manhattan's Lower East Side that burned for more than four hours before being declared under control. There's no place like home
Fire Chief Edward Kilduff said two elderly residents were hospitalized in critical condition with smoke inhalation and a third was being evaluated. He said 10 firefighters were hurt, including one whose hands were burned. Nine others suffered minor injuries.
Officials say the fire started on the first floorLet's make things better of the mixed residential and commercial building and spread through a shaft to the roof before affecting two others buildings. More than 250 firefighters battled the blaze that was declared under control at 2:20 a.m. Monday. Impossible made possible
Officials say the Red Cross is helping the 50 to 60 families that were displaced.
NEW YORK – Officials say 13 people, including 10 firefighters, have been injured in a seven-alarm fire on Manhattan's Lower East Side that burned for more than four hours before being declared under control. express our point of view
Fire Chief Edward Kilduff said two elderly residents were hospitalized in critical condition with smoke inhalation and a third was being evaluated. He said 10 firefighters were hurt, including one whose hands were burned. Nine others suffered minor injuries.
Officials say the fire started on the first floor of the mixed residential and commercial building and spread through a shaft to the roof before affecting two others buildings. More than 250 firefighters battled the blaze that was declared under control at 2:20 a.m. Monday.
Officials say the Red Cross is helping the 50 to 60 families that were displaced.
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Wednesday, May 19, 2010
Unrepentant Silva makes mockery of sport
ABU DHABI, United Arab Emirates –kneel only to God As the fourth round ended in the middleweight championship fight on Saturday at UFC 112 at Ferrari World, Ultimate Fighting Championship president Dana White picked Just have a little faithup Anderson Silva’s title belt and tossed it in the direction of Silva’s manager, Ed Soares.White was nearly becoming physically ill watching Silva clown in the cage and avoid fighting. He wanted nothing to do with presenting the champion with his belt after the fight with Demian Maia ended.Silva pranced around the ring, making odd motions and strange faces, banging the mat, running in circles and generally behaving as if he had no understanding that people paid significant money to watch him fight. She is the love of my life
He looked like a fool and he disrespected his opponent, the sport, his employers and, most significantly, a live crowd which paid a gate of $3.5 million as well as the hundreds of thousands of people who purchased the pay-per-view to watch him. a plan to make all of this right
White seethed at the postfight news conference and tossed verbal hand grenades in Silva’s direction. After meeting with reporters following the news conference, White headed to Silva’s trailer for a showdown.He said he didn’t know how he would punish Silva, who won by scores of 50-45, 50-45 and 49-46, but said he would find a way to make it up to the fans for having to sit through such a poor, confounding main event. Work will save you
Perhaps the best way White can get even with Silva, who was defiant at the postfight news conference, is to have Silva fight on the card he is planning to benefit the military in Afghanistan.White looked extraordinarily angry when he walked into the room and didn’t pull any punches when he began to speak.“I’ll answer the questions about what a disgrace the main event was and what an embarrassment it is,” White said almost immediately upon taking the lectern postfight. “I don’t think I’ve ever been more embarrassed in 10 years of being in this business. It’s the first time I’ve ever walked out of a main event.”By the time the fifth round was winding to a close, the sellout crowd of 11,008 was chanting Maia’s name.Silva meekly apologized in the cage in an interview with television analyst Joe Rogan, but he struck a more defiant chord at the postfight news conference.“Unfortunately, not every fight turns out the way everyone would like,” Silva said through Soares, who was interpreting for him. “I came here well-trained, but Demian disrespected me, not as a person, but he disrespected me as a fighter. I take that very seriously. I came here to do my job, which was to beat him up and punish him. That’s exactly what I did.”
Silva dodged the question several times, but finally said vaguely that he felt Maia disrespected him in prefight interviews when Maia, a jiu-jitsu black belt, talked about breaking his arm.What didn’t make sense about Silva’s answer was that if he felt disrespected was that he spent much of the last three rounds running and clowning and not punching or kicking. He had the opportunity to make Maia pay for his words, if Maia actually said anything incendiary, but he chose instead to circle, wiggle his back side, make faces and essentially make a fool out of anyone who either purchased a ticket or bought the pay-per-view.http://www.cuhkacs.org/forum
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He looked like a fool and he disrespected his opponent, the sport, his employers and, most significantly, a live crowd which paid a gate of $3.5 million as well as the hundreds of thousands of people who purchased the pay-per-view to watch him. a plan to make all of this right
White seethed at the postfight news conference and tossed verbal hand grenades in Silva’s direction. After meeting with reporters following the news conference, White headed to Silva’s trailer for a showdown.He said he didn’t know how he would punish Silva, who won by scores of 50-45, 50-45 and 49-46, but said he would find a way to make it up to the fans for having to sit through such a poor, confounding main event. Work will save you
Perhaps the best way White can get even with Silva, who was defiant at the postfight news conference, is to have Silva fight on the card he is planning to benefit the military in Afghanistan.White looked extraordinarily angry when he walked into the room and didn’t pull any punches when he began to speak.“I’ll answer the questions about what a disgrace the main event was and what an embarrassment it is,” White said almost immediately upon taking the lectern postfight. “I don’t think I’ve ever been more embarrassed in 10 years of being in this business. It’s the first time I’ve ever walked out of a main event.”By the time the fifth round was winding to a close, the sellout crowd of 11,008 was chanting Maia’s name.Silva meekly apologized in the cage in an interview with television analyst Joe Rogan, but he struck a more defiant chord at the postfight news conference.“Unfortunately, not every fight turns out the way everyone would like,” Silva said through Soares, who was interpreting for him. “I came here well-trained, but Demian disrespected me, not as a person, but he disrespected me as a fighter. I take that very seriously. I came here to do my job, which was to beat him up and punish him. That’s exactly what I did.”
Silva dodged the question several times, but finally said vaguely that he felt Maia disrespected him in prefight interviews when Maia, a jiu-jitsu black belt, talked about breaking his arm.What didn’t make sense about Silva’s answer was that if he felt disrespected was that he spent much of the last three rounds running and clowning and not punching or kicking. He had the opportunity to make Maia pay for his words, if Maia actually said anything incendiary, but he chose instead to circle, wiggle his back side, make faces and essentially make a fool out of anyone who either purchased a ticket or bought the pay-per-view.http://www.cuhkacs.org/forum
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Responsibilities and Achievements
Responsible for all cheap handbagsproject sourcing / initial purchasing of three BLCs(PDP,LCD,PTV)cheap handbags based on principle of total cost of ownership through continuous benchmarking, supplier audit and review of suppliers’ performance.Control of tool management Enhance price competitiveness chi ceramic flat ironof components by conducting benchmarking and negotiations to achieve BOM cost reduction target and working closely with Cost Engineering Dept to build & update cost models. Optimize supply base and manage suppliers’ performance. Transfer smoothly purchasing activities from initial purchasing stage to procurement stage by proactively communicating with procurement staff.chi ceramic flat iron
1) Sourcing for die tooling/stamping discount chi flat ironcomponents, participating in supplier process improvement, price negotiating with supplier for cost saving average 1.2m every year;2) Sourcing/initial purchasing of all new components/parts under the timeline of PMP and target of TCO, liaising with PPL and global designers for first article qualification and ensure smooth project execution, achieved 2.6m saving per year and 98% availability of project deliverable;3) Sourcing for tool suppliers and do control of tool management (quality, capacity, maintenance, etc) to avoid loss of sales;discount chi flat iron
4) Facilitating timely involvement of suppliers in PCP to align requirements with Development engineer and Designer;
5) Participating in supplier improvement programme (annual audit, SRS, process improvement, etc) and purchasing survey tool to meet level 5 target; 6) Supporting SQA to improve quality level of components through regular review with suppliers;
7) Participating in market supplier survey of PDP/LCD panel and report to SBMT for decision-making.
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1) Sourcing for die tooling/stamping discount chi flat ironcomponents, participating in supplier process improvement, price negotiating with supplier for cost saving average 1.2m every year;2) Sourcing/initial purchasing of all new components/parts under the timeline of PMP and target of TCO, liaising with PPL and global designers for first article qualification and ensure smooth project execution, achieved 2.6m saving per year and 98% availability of project deliverable;3) Sourcing for tool suppliers and do control of tool management (quality, capacity, maintenance, etc) to avoid loss of sales;discount chi flat iron
4) Facilitating timely involvement of suppliers in PCP to align requirements with Development engineer and Designer;
5) Participating in supplier improvement programme (annual audit, SRS, process improvement, etc) and purchasing survey tool to meet level 5 target; 6) Supporting SQA to improve quality level of components through regular review with suppliers;
7) Participating in market supplier survey of PDP/LCD panel and report to SBMT for decision-making.
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Responsibilities and Achievements
Responsible for building a new cheap polo shirtspurchasing organization and establishing project purchasing procedure for BA business unit in Great China, supporting sourcing, optimization and cheap polo shirtslocalization/globalization for BTTspyder jackets business unit of Schneider Electric Great China and Global. Ensure in close co-operation with product/technology manager the availability of supplierspyder jackets technology roadmaps for key components by market exploration on technologies in order to strengthen north face jacketsthe competitive edge ofnorth face jackets our product in terms of technology, feature and price. Identify, assess, develop and select suppliers based on justification of total cost of ownership with risk analysis and management. Contribute in establishing differentiated supply relationships, with more focus in managing strategic suppliers under a structural supplier engagement program. Negotiate competitive agreements covering project deliverables, purchasing, logistics, quality, capacity, etc. Optimize supply base and manage suppliers’ performance for both in house and OEM executions. Contribute in supply chain improvement in order to increase flexibility and achieve optimal inventory level.
1) Build a new purchasing organization and establish project purchasing procedure for BA business unit within one month, achieved 49% time reduction;2) Identify, assess, develop and select local OEM suppliers for BA based on total cost of ownership to maximize level of productivity, achieved 3.2m saving in budget year 2006; 3) Establish differentiated SRM with more focus in managing strategic suppliers and negotiate competitive agreement covering project deliverables, purchasing, logistics, quality, etc. achieved generally 20% PMP time reduction per project;
4) Support to source/localize/globalize/optimize for 3 factories in Great China and all the other plants in global Schneider Electric BTT unit to maximize productivity, achieved 1m saving in 2006;5) Liaise with internal stakeholders(manufacturing, quality, logistics, marketing, etc. dept), measure supplier performance（quality, delivery, cost, service, etc） thereof feedback to suppliers to participate in supplier continuous improvement;6) Merge 2 projects (localization and ROHS) as whole one to maximize efficiency and sustain sound business processes to support Schneider global sustainability policy.http://www.radiocriolla.com.ar
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1) Build a new purchasing organization and establish project purchasing procedure for BA business unit within one month, achieved 49% time reduction;2) Identify, assess, develop and select local OEM suppliers for BA based on total cost of ownership to maximize level of productivity, achieved 3.2m saving in budget year 2006; 3) Establish differentiated SRM with more focus in managing strategic suppliers and negotiate competitive agreement covering project deliverables, purchasing, logistics, quality, etc. achieved generally 20% PMP time reduction per project;
4) Support to source/localize/globalize/optimize for 3 factories in Great China and all the other plants in global Schneider Electric BTT unit to maximize productivity, achieved 1m saving in 2006;5) Liaise with internal stakeholders(manufacturing, quality, logistics, marketing, etc. dept), measure supplier performance（quality, delivery, cost, service, etc） thereof feedback to suppliers to participate in supplier continuous improvement;6) Merge 2 projects (localization and ROHS) as whole one to maximize efficiency and sustain sound business processes to support Schneider global sustainability policy.http://www.radiocriolla.com.ar
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Thursday, May 6, 2010
Election exit poll: Tories to be 21 short of majority
The Conservatives would have 305 MPs, up 95 on 2005, Labour would have 255, down 94, and the Lib Dems 61, down 1. Nationalists and others would have 29.
Downing Street sources have said Gordon Brown will try to form a coalition government - although initial results suggest he would struggle to do so.
A probe has been launched after some people could not vote due to queues.
With results starting to flow in, there have been big swings of more than 8% to the Conservatives in a number of seats in Labour's North-East of England heartland, although Labour has hung on to them. The first Conservatives gain has come in Kingswood on a 9% swing, suggesting a Conservative overall majority.
In other election night news:
* Northern Ireland's first minister and DUP leader Peter Robinson has been defeated in West Belfast by the Alliance party
* Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg went to apologise to voters in Sheffield as they were among those facing the prospect of being turned away from polling stations as long queues formed ahead of the 2200 BST voting deadline.
* UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage will stay in hospital and miss his election count after being injured in a plane crash.
In some parts of the country there are reports of polling stations staying open for an extra half hour - and people even being turned away before they could cast their ballot.
BBC Political Editor Nick Robinson said there could be legal challenges from candidates who have fallen a few votes short of victory and the Electoral Commission have launched an investigation.
In Sheffield police were called to move people on when voters staged sit-in protests after waiting hours to vote. The city's returning officer apologised but said he had to close the polls at 2200 BST.
Although projections suggest he would have to get agreement from the Lib Dems and Welsh and Scottish nationalists, Downing Street sources have suggested Labour leader Gordon Brown will try to form a coalition government if there is a hung parliament.
He will argue that the sitting government has the first right to form an administration even if it is not the biggest party, the sources said.
Home Secretary Alan Johnson said striking a deal would be the "grown-up and mature" thing to do, adding that he did not think the Lib Dems could form a coalition with the Tories.
He said Labour had "a lot in common" with the Lib Dems - particularly on electoral reform.
Lib Dem foreign affairs spokesman Ed Davey refused to be drawn on whether his party would form an alliance, saying: "Nick Clegg has made very clear that we want to wait and see what the results are."
Exit poll
NOP and Mori surveyed 17,607 voters at 130 polling stations across the UK for the BBC/ ITV/Sky exit poll.
All exit polls have a small margin of error which could be significant in a tight election such as this one, in which the three main Westminster parties have been so close in the opinion polls. There could also be different voting patterns around the country.
Nevertheless, Conservative leader David Cameron might find that winning one or two seats in Northern Ireland and forming a deal with the Democratic Unionist Party might be enough to give him a majority, making him Britain's next prime minister.
The Conservatives gained 5% on their 2005 result in England, although their vote remained static in Scotland and Wales, the poll suggests.
The exit poll anticipates that the Labour Party has been more successful at holding on to its vote in seats in Scotland and Wales, gaining 2% on 2005, but its vote went down by 9% in England, the survey suggests.
The poll also anticipates the Lib Dems will perform better in England than in either Scotland or Wales, but a fall in his number of MPs would still come as a blow to Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg, who has been neck-and-neck in the polls with the other two main parties for much of the campaign.
Key marginals
It remains to be seen whether the poll proves to be accurate in its estimate of the Lib Dem performance - deputy leader Vince Cable told BBC News it was "very strange" and insisted such polls had been "horribly wrong" in the past.
He said his party expected to have gained a lot from postal votes, as they were ahead in some opinion polls when those votes were cast.
Exit poll results on ParliamentThe exit poll result was projected onto the tower which houses Big Ben
Shadow work and pensions secretary Theresa May told BBC News that if the exit poll was correct "it does show a clear rejection of Gordon Brown" and that "Labour would have lost their legitimacy to govern".
The vast majority of constituencies are conducting their counts overnight, with about 20 not due to begin the process until after 0900 GMT on Friday.
Most seats will declare in the early hours of Friday. A handful of key marginals, such as Birmingham Edgbaston and Battersea, were expected to declare shortly after midnight but have been delayed because of increased turnout and are now expected after 0100 BST.
More than 44 million people are registered to vote in 649 Parliamentary constituencies. Elections are also taking place for 164 English councils.
Polling in one constituency - Thirsk and Malton - has been delayed until 27 May because of the death of one of the candidates during the campaign. The exit poll assumes the Conservatives will win here.
Among the council elections taking place, voters will choose representatives in 32 London boroughs, 36 metropolitan authorities and 20 unitary authorities.
In these elections, a total of 15,785 candidates are contesting 4,222 seats.
Voting has also taken place to choose mayors in Hackney, Newham, Lewisham and Watford. you are here
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Downing Street sources have said Gordon Brown will try to form a coalition government - although initial results suggest he would struggle to do so.
A probe has been launched after some people could not vote due to queues.
With results starting to flow in, there have been big swings of more than 8% to the Conservatives in a number of seats in Labour's North-East of England heartland, although Labour has hung on to them. The first Conservatives gain has come in Kingswood on a 9% swing, suggesting a Conservative overall majority.
In other election night news:
* Northern Ireland's first minister and DUP leader Peter Robinson has been defeated in West Belfast by the Alliance party
* Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg went to apologise to voters in Sheffield as they were among those facing the prospect of being turned away from polling stations as long queues formed ahead of the 2200 BST voting deadline.
* UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage will stay in hospital and miss his election count after being injured in a plane crash.
In some parts of the country there are reports of polling stations staying open for an extra half hour - and people even being turned away before they could cast their ballot.
BBC Political Editor Nick Robinson said there could be legal challenges from candidates who have fallen a few votes short of victory and the Electoral Commission have launched an investigation.
In Sheffield police were called to move people on when voters staged sit-in protests after waiting hours to vote. The city's returning officer apologised but said he had to close the polls at 2200 BST.
Although projections suggest he would have to get agreement from the Lib Dems and Welsh and Scottish nationalists, Downing Street sources have suggested Labour leader Gordon Brown will try to form a coalition government if there is a hung parliament.
He will argue that the sitting government has the first right to form an administration even if it is not the biggest party, the sources said.
Home Secretary Alan Johnson said striking a deal would be the "grown-up and mature" thing to do, adding that he did not think the Lib Dems could form a coalition with the Tories.
He said Labour had "a lot in common" with the Lib Dems - particularly on electoral reform.
Lib Dem foreign affairs spokesman Ed Davey refused to be drawn on whether his party would form an alliance, saying: "Nick Clegg has made very clear that we want to wait and see what the results are."
Exit poll
NOP and Mori surveyed 17,607 voters at 130 polling stations across the UK for the BBC/ ITV/Sky exit poll.
All exit polls have a small margin of error which could be significant in a tight election such as this one, in which the three main Westminster parties have been so close in the opinion polls. There could also be different voting patterns around the country.
Nevertheless, Conservative leader David Cameron might find that winning one or two seats in Northern Ireland and forming a deal with the Democratic Unionist Party might be enough to give him a majority, making him Britain's next prime minister.
The Conservatives gained 5% on their 2005 result in England, although their vote remained static in Scotland and Wales, the poll suggests.
The exit poll anticipates that the Labour Party has been more successful at holding on to its vote in seats in Scotland and Wales, gaining 2% on 2005, but its vote went down by 9% in England, the survey suggests.
The poll also anticipates the Lib Dems will perform better in England than in either Scotland or Wales, but a fall in his number of MPs would still come as a blow to Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg, who has been neck-and-neck in the polls with the other two main parties for much of the campaign.
Key marginals
It remains to be seen whether the poll proves to be accurate in its estimate of the Lib Dem performance - deputy leader Vince Cable told BBC News it was "very strange" and insisted such polls had been "horribly wrong" in the past.
He said his party expected to have gained a lot from postal votes, as they were ahead in some opinion polls when those votes were cast.
Exit poll results on ParliamentThe exit poll result was projected onto the tower which houses Big Ben
Shadow work and pensions secretary Theresa May told BBC News that if the exit poll was correct "it does show a clear rejection of Gordon Brown" and that "Labour would have lost their legitimacy to govern".
The vast majority of constituencies are conducting their counts overnight, with about 20 not due to begin the process until after 0900 GMT on Friday.
Most seats will declare in the early hours of Friday. A handful of key marginals, such as Birmingham Edgbaston and Battersea, were expected to declare shortly after midnight but have been delayed because of increased turnout and are now expected after 0100 BST.
More than 44 million people are registered to vote in 649 Parliamentary constituencies. Elections are also taking place for 164 English councils.
Polling in one constituency - Thirsk and Malton - has been delayed until 27 May because of the death of one of the candidates during the campaign. The exit poll assumes the Conservatives will win here.
Among the council elections taking place, voters will choose representatives in 32 London boroughs, 36 metropolitan authorities and 20 unitary authorities.
In these elections, a total of 15,785 candidates are contesting 4,222 seats.
Voting has also taken place to choose mayors in Hackney, Newham, Lewisham and Watford. you are here
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Chemical dispersants an unknown quantity in addressing oil spill
The decision on whether to use chemical dispersants deep below the sea's surface to break up the Gulf of Mexico oil spill boils down to two central questions: Is it worth taking this unprecedented step to protect the region's sensitive and ecologically valuable wetlands, even at the potential expense of its marine life? And should federal officials conduct extensive new research before making the leap, since the scientific literature on this question is so sparse?
"It's sort of the devil you know versus the devil you don't," said Linda Greer, a senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council. "It's really shocking to me how little research has been done into these basic questions."
Responders to the downed Deepwater Horizon rig have already spent days applying more than 150,000 gallons of oil dispersant -- Nalco's Corexit 9500 -- to break up the tens of thousands of gallons of oil that have reached the ocean's surface.
Cal Dooley, president of the American Chemistry Council, said Wednesday that chemical companies "have taken extraordinary steps to increase our dispersant production and institute new coordination measures to meet the need. Other chemistry products with potential applications include detergents and absorbents. We applaud these companies' prompt action and strong commitment in addressing this challenge."
But these compounds have never been used at depth: Federal officials have conducted two rounds of tests to determine what effect they would have hundreds of feet underwater, and are consulting with state and federal agencies as well as local community leaders before making the decision to proceed with that line of attack.
On a basic level these dispersants work the same way dishwashing liquid works on grease: They break up the oil into tiny droplets by attaching to the oil so it's diluted in the water column. And scientists and policymakers agree that the oil from the spill poses a greater threat to wildlife and vegetation than the chemicals contained in the dispersants
"You're putting something into the water, it's less toxic than the oil, so it's a trade-off," said Coast Guard Commandant Thad Allen, national incident commander for the BP spill, in an interview.
But the question of the broader trade-off -- whether these compounds will wreak havoc on the marine system over time -- remains unanswered. Five years ago the National Academy of Sciences issued a nearly 400-page study on oil dispersants, which cautioned, "In many instances where a dispersed plume may come into contact with sensitive water-column or benthic organisms and populations, the current understanding of key processes and mechanisms is inadequate to confidently support a decision to apply dispersants."
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The NAS panel urged addition scientific inquiry into the matter, but little of that research has taken place. And now, the federal government will have to make a significant decision without it.
"It's a hard call," said Carys L. Mitchelmore, one of the authors of the 2005 NAS report and an associate professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. "There really is very little information and research about what are going to be the environmental consequences. But the trade-off is protect the shoreline at all costs."
David Horsup, Nalco's division vice president for energy services research, said independent laboratories have tested the ecological effects of applying its product on the sea surface, and that its current incarnation "has more favorable environmental properties than what we used 15, 20 years ago." But he added, "Do any of these test conditions simulate subsea conditions? I don't know."
The Environmenta Protection Agency is analyzing water samples taken from deeper areas in the Gulf where responders have applied the dispersants, according to federal officials, and will report back before a broader application takes place.
By applying them at depth, Mitchelmore explained, responders will have a better chance of keeping the oil from reaching the marshes on which so many species depend, but they will be exposing organisms "that wouldn't be normally exposed" to both the oil and the chemicals in the dispersants.
That could kill off fish larvae -- such as those from the imperiled Atlantic bluefin tuna that use the Gulf of Mexico for spawning grounds -- and threaten filter-feeders like whale sharks that pass through those waters. It could also harm commercially valuable oysters and mussels, as well as organisms low on the food chain that sustain larger marine creatures. "You would be killing off their food," Mitchelmore said.
There are other unknowns: Almost no research has been done on whether the dispersants will undermine the water repellency of birds, which is essential for regulating their body temperature. And most of the testing of dispersants has been conducted in laboratories rather than in the field, which may mean scientists have underestimated the toxic threat a mixture of oil and chemicals could pose. New research suggests natural light enhances oil's toxicity, Mitchelmore said, which would threaten translucent organisms such as fish larvae.
In addition, Greer said, scientists do not know if chemically treated oil will degrade as quickly as oil that's dispersed through wind and wave, and if it's more toxic. That could mean the oil will stay in the marine ecosystem longer and exact a higher cost over time. "There's sort of no way to win here," she said.
Horsup, however, said dispersed oil at the surface did degrade more quickly, and "the initial results" of applying it at depth "are very encouraging."
"You always have to compare it against the case of doing nothing," he said. When it comes to treating an oil spill, he added, "It's not a panacea by any means. It's a very good method, not the only one, and it has to be used in conjunction with other tactics." love
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"It's sort of the devil you know versus the devil you don't," said Linda Greer, a senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council. "It's really shocking to me how little research has been done into these basic questions."
Responders to the downed Deepwater Horizon rig have already spent days applying more than 150,000 gallons of oil dispersant -- Nalco's Corexit 9500 -- to break up the tens of thousands of gallons of oil that have reached the ocean's surface.
Cal Dooley, president of the American Chemistry Council, said Wednesday that chemical companies "have taken extraordinary steps to increase our dispersant production and institute new coordination measures to meet the need. Other chemistry products with potential applications include detergents and absorbents. We applaud these companies' prompt action and strong commitment in addressing this challenge."
But these compounds have never been used at depth: Federal officials have conducted two rounds of tests to determine what effect they would have hundreds of feet underwater, and are consulting with state and federal agencies as well as local community leaders before making the decision to proceed with that line of attack.
On a basic level these dispersants work the same way dishwashing liquid works on grease: They break up the oil into tiny droplets by attaching to the oil so it's diluted in the water column. And scientists and policymakers agree that the oil from the spill poses a greater threat to wildlife and vegetation than the chemicals contained in the dispersants
"You're putting something into the water, it's less toxic than the oil, so it's a trade-off," said Coast Guard Commandant Thad Allen, national incident commander for the BP spill, in an interview.
But the question of the broader trade-off -- whether these compounds will wreak havoc on the marine system over time -- remains unanswered. Five years ago the National Academy of Sciences issued a nearly 400-page study on oil dispersants, which cautioned, "In many instances where a dispersed plume may come into contact with sensitive water-column or benthic organisms and populations, the current understanding of key processes and mechanisms is inadequate to confidently support a decision to apply dispersants."
ad_iconClick here!
The NAS panel urged addition scientific inquiry into the matter, but little of that research has taken place. And now, the federal government will have to make a significant decision without it.
"It's a hard call," said Carys L. Mitchelmore, one of the authors of the 2005 NAS report and an associate professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory. "There really is very little information and research about what are going to be the environmental consequences. But the trade-off is protect the shoreline at all costs."
David Horsup, Nalco's division vice president for energy services research, said independent laboratories have tested the ecological effects of applying its product on the sea surface, and that its current incarnation "has more favorable environmental properties than what we used 15, 20 years ago." But he added, "Do any of these test conditions simulate subsea conditions? I don't know."
The Environmenta Protection Agency is analyzing water samples taken from deeper areas in the Gulf where responders have applied the dispersants, according to federal officials, and will report back before a broader application takes place.
By applying them at depth, Mitchelmore explained, responders will have a better chance of keeping the oil from reaching the marshes on which so many species depend, but they will be exposing organisms "that wouldn't be normally exposed" to both the oil and the chemicals in the dispersants.
That could kill off fish larvae -- such as those from the imperiled Atlantic bluefin tuna that use the Gulf of Mexico for spawning grounds -- and threaten filter-feeders like whale sharks that pass through those waters. It could also harm commercially valuable oysters and mussels, as well as organisms low on the food chain that sustain larger marine creatures. "You would be killing off their food," Mitchelmore said.
There are other unknowns: Almost no research has been done on whether the dispersants will undermine the water repellency of birds, which is essential for regulating their body temperature. And most of the testing of dispersants has been conducted in laboratories rather than in the field, which may mean scientists have underestimated the toxic threat a mixture of oil and chemicals could pose. New research suggests natural light enhances oil's toxicity, Mitchelmore said, which would threaten translucent organisms such as fish larvae.
In addition, Greer said, scientists do not know if chemically treated oil will degrade as quickly as oil that's dispersed through wind and wave, and if it's more toxic. That could mean the oil will stay in the marine ecosystem longer and exact a higher cost over time. "There's sort of no way to win here," she said.
Horsup, however, said dispersed oil at the surface did degrade more quickly, and "the initial results" of applying it at depth "are very encouraging."
"You always have to compare it against the case of doing nothing," he said. When it comes to treating an oil spill, he added, "It's not a panacea by any means. It's a very good method, not the only one, and it has to be used in conjunction with other tactics." love
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